英语科技论文Results写法技巧 [学术英语写作]

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英语科技论文Results(实验结果)部分的写法，最主要的问题是不要让文章的读者去“寻找”信息，并“总结”出结论——这些应该是写作者应该达到的目的，也就是说纯粹堆砌实验数据和结果远远不够。

介绍实验结果的每一方面时，可以按照“整体－具体”的方式(general-specific manner)：先陈述总体趋势，然后添加实验数据用以支持作者的结论。一般而言，Results的组成部分和写作方法技巧如下：

英文科技论文写作技巧

1 介绍实验的过程、流程及相关的结果

用以检验作者选用实验方法的正确合理性。此处动词时态可用一般过去时。通常也会通过引用的方式介绍其他作者的方法，并与作者自己的方法对比，当然是通过自己的实验结果证明之。

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2 视觉化实验结果

所谓视觉化，即将实验结果用表格、流程图、示意图、图片图像方式表达出来，这样有利于阅读理解，在行文过程中要对这些非纯文字的内容位置介绍出来，介绍句式和动词可以归为以下四类：

  • 主动式： Figure 3 (Table 1) shows (depicts, summarizes, demostrates, suggests, displays…)…

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  • 被动式： An example interface model is shown (presented, listed, tabluated, plotted) in Fig. 1.

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  • 括号式： The 2-NB photoreaction (Fig.1) proceeds via …
  • As-clause: As can be seen in Figure 3, …

图表部分还需要注意一个问题，几乎所有的读者即使不读文章的内容，也会扫描一下图表，所以图表的标题、坐标轴、箭头等细节问题，说明务必要清楚，要做到不看内容也能读懂图表内容。

3 结果部分的每一方面都要按照“整体-具体”的方式撰写

这表明作者知晓文章的结果的重要性。对于图表内容，作者需要强调相关重要信息，而不是仅仅罗列指出数据的不同，因此，对比形式的句子显得尤为重要：

  • Almost twice as many […]
  • A marginally smaller percentage of […]
  • Close to three times as many […]
  • Ten-fold larger […]
  • Slightly over twice as many […]
  • X exceeded Y in […]

总之，需要具体指出来不同，以表达自己的结果和观点，而不是让读者去搜索信息再总结。对于“意外”的数据，可以用下面句子说明：

  • With the exception of […]
  • Apart from […]
  • Except for […]

Minimum and maximum daily temperatures are projected to change by slightly different amounts, which leads to changes in diurnal temperature range as shown in Table 3. The most appreciable change is in summer, where there is a positive increase in diurnal range by approximately a degree.

Overall, inclusions of dairy powders reduced loaf volume by about 6%.

However, increasing inclusions gave a recovery in loaf volume in the case of mlk nac and mpi, whereas the opposite was the case for dwp, klc and to a lesser extent smp (Fig. 1).

4 在大体趋势结论后介绍更为详细的实验结果

前面说过，按照“整体-具体”的总-分形式写作Results部分内容，所以，整体式的内容总是先于具体的信息。具体的内容包括数据、例子等。对于图表的介绍也应该按照逻辑顺序，在详细结果中予以介绍。

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5 对实验结果的评价分析

这一部分内容主要是针对那种结果和讨论(Results and Discussion)复合在一起的文章。此时，作者不仅仅是介绍实验结果和发现，而且解释理解这些实验结果、现象，同时也引入其他研究者的文献表明相同或者类似的研究结果，用以佐证自己的研究，此时的语气应该较为谨慎，并表现学术研究方面的中立与谦逊(Modesty)，并要对此带来的争论和辩论有所预计——绝对的真理是不存在的，争论倒是永远存在。

Dairy proteins contain strong water absorptive properties, which may, in turn, lead to finer, denser crumb structures in the baked product (Stahel 1983). This was particularly evident for the breads containing smp and mpi (P<0.001). A strong positive correlation was obtained in the current study between crumb hardness and loaf volume (r=0,86, P<0.001). Kadharmestan et al. (1998) found similar increased crumb hardness properties in studies involving whey protein concentrate in wheat bread. Such firming may be attributed to the retrogradation of the wheat starch fraction as described by Schoch and French (1947).

最后，在Results内容的结尾部分，作者应该总结一下主要的研究发现、结果。对于复合式的结果和讨论(Results and Discussion) ，意外的实验数据和不满意的实验数据也应该加以说明——也许这些实验过程操作无误但”看起来错误“的结果数据正蕴含着重要信息。

However, results from in vitro antifungal assays using control plant extract spiked with different concentrations of D4E1 (0 to 900 um) were inconclusive. Antifungal effects were observed only at levels greater than 50 uM and this did not correlate with the in vitro antifungal effects of purified D4E1.

The use of acid-base indicators to determine the end point for 2-NB photochemical titrations was somewhat problematic. Some of the indicators (e. g., phenolphthalein) absorbed photons in the same wavelength region as 2-NB and slowed the reaction. Other actinometers (e.g., bromcresol green) produced a colored product when the endpoint was reached which was masked by the yellow color of the 2-nitrosobenzoic acid product from 2-NB photolysis.